Wide-Area IP Multicast Traffic Characterization
نویسنده
چکیده
IP multicast is gaining acceptance among service providers as the protocols and infrastructure mature. Yet characteristics of multicast traffic remain poorly understood. Using passive OC-12 monitors we observe multicast traffic on links connecting aggregated customers and peer networks to our native multicast backbone network. We first refine existing traffic flow profiling methodologies via an exploration of temporal differences in multicast packet trains. Based on this framework we collect multicast flow traces from four geographically dispersed nodes in the vBNS network over a one-month period. We present multicastspecific traffic characteristics including packet and flow size distributions, packet duplication and fragmentation, address accumulation and address space distributions. We analyze the distribution of sources per group and the implications on the applicability of emerging single-source protocols. Analysis reveals results contrary to prevailing wisdom, including: (i) a preponderance of single-packet flows; (ii) a highly variable packet size distribution, with many large packets and strong modes; (iii) the existence of fragmented multicast traffic; and (iv) an insignificant number of simultaneous multiple-source groups. Based on our analysis, we recommend policies for deployment and improvements to protocol implementations.
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